Publication Title: Nuclear Contamination Avoidance
Publication/revision date: 09 SEP 1994
Field Manual: FM 3-3.1
FMFM 11-18
Supersedes: none
Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited (public domain manuals)
Contents:
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Vulnerability Analysis
The IPB Process
Nuclear Threat Status (STANAG 2984)
Nuclear Vulnerability Analysis
Casualty and Damage Assessment
Safety Distance Assessment
Nuclear Radiation Safety
Primary Targets
Targeting Terms and Criteria
Analysis of Friendly Unit Vulnerability
Vulnerability Analysis
Visual Technique
Vulnerability Reduction
Active Measures
Passive Measures
Plan Ahead
Avoid Detection
Provide Warning
Maintain Discipline
Seek Protection
Disperse
Remain Mobile
Cover Supplies and Equipment
Limit Exposure
Prevent Spread of Contamination
Chapter 2 - NBC Warning and Reporting System
Standard NBC Reports
NBC 1 Report
NBC 2 Report
NBC 3 Report
NBC 4 Report
NBC 5 Report
Managing the NBC Warning and Reporting System
Collecting Nuclear Information
Monitoring, Survey, and Reconnaissance Data
Evaluating Nuclear Information
Unit Procedures
NBCC Procedures
Transmitting Nuclear Information
Unit Level
Battalion Level
Brigade or Task Force Level
NBCC Level
Designated Observer System
Designated Ground-Based Observers
Designated Aerial Observers
Nondesignated Observers
Friendly Nuclear Attack Warnings
Responsibility
STRIKWARN Messages
Automated Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Information System (ANBACIS)
Chapter 3 - Introduction to Nuclear Operations
Nuclear Weapons Effects
Initial Radiation Effects
Residual Radiation Effects
Unused Fissionable Material
Fission Products
Neutron-Induced Activity
Effects of Fallout on Ships at Sea
Nuclear Clouds
Detecting the Attack
Angular Cloud Width
Stabilized Cloud-Bottom or Cloud-Top Angle
Cloud-Top or Cloud-Bottom Height
Observer Position
Location of Ground Zero/Azimuth to the Attack
Unit Level Procedures
Location of Ground Zero
Yield Estimation
On Shore
Onboard Ships
Significance of Fallout Ashore versus at Sea
Flash-to-Bang Time
Type of Burst and Time of Attack
Recording and Reporting Nuclear Burst Data
Evaluating Data
NBCC Procedures
Date and Time of Attack
Ground Zero Location
Yield Estimation
Nuclear Burst Angular Cloud Width
Stabilized Cloud-Top or Cloud-Bottom Height
Stabilized Cloud-Top or Cloud-Bottom Angle
Yield Estimation From Radar Data
Illumination Time
Resolved Yield
NBC 2 Nuclear Report
Strike Serial Number
Simplified Fallout Prediction
Wind Data
Effective Downwind Message
Preparation of a Message
Special Cases (Wind Data)
Naval Effective Downwind Message
Preparation of a Message (Constant Pressure Data)
M5A2 Fallout Predictor
Procedures for Using Simplified Method
Constructing a Simplified Predictor
Simplified Fallout Prediction (Normal Case)
Simplified Fallout Prediction (Expanded Case)
Simplified Fallout Prediction (Circular Case)
Ship's Fallout Template
Safety Distance
Fallout Plotting from NAV EDM and Observations
Fallout Plotting from NAV EDM and NAV NBC 2 Nuclear Report
Chapter 4 - Detailed Fallout Prediction--NBC 3 Report
Overview
Significance of Predicted Fallout Zones
Inside the Predicted Area
Outside the Predicted Area
Reliability
Arrival of Fallout
NBCC Procedures
Unit Procedures
Fallout Plotting From NAV NBC 3 Nuclear Report
Actual Fallout Direction
Chapter 5 - Monitoring, Survey, and Reconnaissance
Planning, Conducting, Recording, and Reporting
Monitoring
Direct Monitoring
Indirect Monitoring
Recording and Reporting Monitoring Data
Surveys
Control of Surveys
Survey Planning at the NBC Center
Personnel and Equipment Requirements
Coordination
Survey Team Briefing
Aerial Survey
Determination of Overall Correction Factors
Airborne Radioactivity
Contour Line Plotting
Aerial Survey Team Actions
Recording and Reporting
Ground Survey
Reconnaissance
Contamination Marking
Vehicle Correlation Factor
Unit Procedures
Ground Radiological Recon
Aerial Recon
NBCC Actions
Chapter 6 - Nuclear Defense
Optimum Time of Exit for Fallout Areas
Special Considerations
Sample Problem
Transmission Factors
Calculation of H-Hour
Use of ABC-M1 Radiac Calculator
Rainout and Washout
Tactical Implications
Period of Validty and Decay Rate
Determination of Decay Rate
Normalizing Readiness to H + 1
Normalizing Factor
Total Dose Procedures
Multiple Burst Procedures
Dose Rate Calculation Methods
Dose Rate Calculations for Overlapping Fallout
Crossing a Fallout Area
Application of Avoidance Principles
ANBACIS System
Chapter 7 - Neutron-Induced Radiation Areas
Plotting NIGA Areas
Decay of Induced Radiation
Dose-Rate Calculations
Total Dose Calculations for NIGA
Crossing an Induced-Radiation Area
Transmission Factors for Neutron-Induced Areas
Determination of Decay Rate for Induced Radiation
Determination of Dose Rate for an Arbitrary Time
Determination of Dose Accumulated in an NIGA Area
Determintion of Time of Exit from an NIGA Area Given a Maximum Dosage
Chapter 8 - Civilian Radiation Hazards
Appendix A - Operational Exposure Guidance
Categories of Exposure
Risk Criteria
Negligible Risk
Moderate Risk
Emergency Risk
Radiation Exposure Records
Processing Data
Individual Dosimetry
Appendix B - Shielding
Principles
Materials
Effectiveness
Transmission Factors
Determination of Transmission Factors
Sample Problems
Exercise Problems
Appendix C - Nuclear Burst Effects on Electronics
Types of EMP
Surface-Burst EMP
High-Altitude EMP
The HEMP Threat
Tactical Equipment
Personnel
Collectors and Antennas
Basic Planning
Mitigation Techniques
Administrative and Training Situations
Rules of Thumb
Training with Back-Up Systems
Preattack and During-Attack Operations
Collectors and Antennas
Cables and Grounds
Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence
Shelters and Shielding
Power Sources
Postattack Recovery and Continued Operations
Appendix D - Wind Vector Plotting
Upper-Air Wind Data
Procedures
Field Artillery Wind Data--Manual Method
Field Artillery Wind Data--Plotting Scale Method
Ballistic MET Message
Computer MET Message
Octant Codes and Locations
Air Weather Service Wind Data--Plotting Scale Method
Air Weather Service Constant Pressure Data--Plotting Scale Method
Other Wind Data--Manual Method
Appendix E - Nomograms and Tables
Appendix F - Additional Calculations
Determining Decay Rate
Pocket Calculator Method
Graphical Method
Determining Dose Rates
Normalizing Factors
Mathematical Method
Graphical Method
Multiple Burst Procedures
Calculating Fallout of One Burst
Calculator Method
Graphical Method
Calculating Overlapping Fallout
Appendix G - Nuclear Operations Checklists
Prepare for Operations in an NBC Environment
Prepare for a Nuclear Attack
Respond to a Nuclear Attack
Conduct Post Attack Operations
Respond to a Nuclear Fallout Prediction
Operate in a Nuclear-Contaminated Area
Cross a Nuclear-Contaminated Area
Conduct or Supervise a Radiological Survey
Conduct or Supervise Decontamination
Evacuate Radiologically Contaminated Casualties
Respond to a STRIKWARN Message
Respond to an Unexpected Contaminated Area
Respond to a Civilian Nuclear Accident or Incident
References
Glossary
Reproducible Forms
DA Form 1971-R, Radiological Data Sheet--Monitoring or Point Technique
DA Form 1971-1-R, Radiological Data Sheet--Route or Course Leg Technique
DA Form 1971-3-R, Effective Downwind Message Worksheet
DA Form 1971-4-R, Fallout Prediction Worksheet--Surface Burst
DA Form 1971-5-R Fallout Prediction Worksheet--ADM Subsurface Burst
Authorization Letter
COPYRIGHT ©2003-2005 www.militarypubs.com